A current view on the early diagnosis and treatment of acute kidney failure

Abstract

Acute kidney injury is a syndrome characterized by a sudden, sus-tained, and potentially reversible decrease in glomerular filtration rate and tubular function, which globally impacts renal function. It comprises a series of events starting with the presence of risk factors, then evolving towards acute kidney injury progression, characterized by stress, injury, and renal failure, culminating with either the use of renal replacement therapy or demise. Currently, the use of biomarkers that differentiate between the initial functional deterioration and late-onset structural damage of the kidney enables the clinician to diagnose early and indicate treatment before the stages of acute kidney injury progression are established, thus improving the survival rates.