El rol de la vitamina d sobre el riesgo de preeclampsia : Revisión narrativa

Abstract

The objective of this review was to update the evidence on vitamin D requirements and its possible mechanisms of action for pre-eclampsia. Pre-eclampsia does not have a clearly defined etiology but can be generally understood as blood pressure >140/90 mmHg associated with states of proteinuria present in women with more than 20 weeks gestation. In pregnant women at risk of deficiency, a daily requirement of between 600 to 2,000 IU/day of vitamin D has been established to maintain optimal serum levels >30 ng/ml and avoid the development of pre-eclampsia, since this vitamin has a high influence on the mechanisms of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, the inflammatory response, calcium homeostasis, oxidative stress and endothelial growth involved in vasculogenesis at the kidney, placenta and fetus level. On the other hand, supplementation above the maximum tolerable intake level (4,000 IU/day) has been associated with adverse effects such as the risk of pre-eclampsia, premature delivery, and low birth weight. This review concludes that vitamin D may lower the risk of pre-eclampsia. However, in groups that suffer from hypovitaminosis, there could unconfirmed associations and these may be controversial.