Parámetros Antropométricos, Composición corporal y Somatotipo de Deportistas de Para Tenis de Mesa con Discapacidad Física de la región de Ñuble, Chile. Estudio de casos múltiples (Anthropometric parameters, body composition and somatotype of para table tennis athletes with physical disabilities in the Ñuble region, Chile. Multiple case study)

Abstract

The objective of this research is to determine the anthropometric characteristics, body composition and somatotype of para table tennis athletes with physical disabilities in the Ñuble region (Chile). A case study research was conducted, with a quantitative, non-experimental and cross-sectional approach with a sample of 4 athletes belonging to the promesas Chile program with an average age of 17.5±4.8 years. Anthropometric data related to body composition were obtained by means of the ISAK protocol, somatotype and somatocarta by means of the Heath-Carter method and the Hip-Waist Index (HWI) was obtained. The main results of this research indicate that three athletes (75%) present excess malnutrition according to BMI, while one athlete is in the normal weight category. Regarding the ICC, two male para-athletes are classified in very low risk of suffering metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, one in low risk and the female athlete in high risk. Two para-athletes showed an endomesomorph somatotype, while the remaining two have a mesoendomorph somatotype. As for the percentage of fat, two of them do not exceed 20%, placing them in the optimal and slightly overweight category respectively, while the other two are around 30%, placing them in the obese category. The anthropometric evaluation reveals worrying levels of overweight. In addition, a prevalence of endomorphic and mesomorphic somatotype profiles is observed. It is essential to implement training and nutritional education programs to improve their health and sports performance.

El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar las características antropométricas, composición corporal y somatotipo de los deportistas de paratenis de mesa con discapacidad física de la región de Ñuble (Chile). Se realizó una investigación de estudio de casos, con enfoque cuantitativo, no experimental y de corte transversal con una muestra de 4 deportistas pertenecientes al programa promesas Chile con un promedio de edad de 17.5±4.8 años. Se obtuvieron datos antropométricos relacionados a la composición corporal por medio del protocolo ISAK, el somatotipo y somatocarta mediante el método Heath-Carter y se obtuvo el Indice de Cintura Cadera (ICC). Los principales resultados de esta investigación indican que tres deportistas (75%) presentan malnutrición por exceso según el IMC, mientras que un deportista se encuentra en categoría normopeso. Respecto al ICC, dos paratletas varones clasifican en muy bajo riesgo de sufrir enfermedades metabólicas y cardiovasculares, uno en bajo riesgo y la deportista mujer en alto riesgo. Dos paratletas arrojaron un somatotipo endomesomorfo, mientras que los dos restantes tienen un somatotipo mesoendomorfo. En cuanto al porcentaje de grasa, dos de ellos no superan el 20%, ubicándose en la categoría de óptimo y ligero sobrepeso respectivamente, mientras que los otros dos están alrededor del 30% quedando en categoría de obeso. La evaluación antropométrica revela preocupantes niveles de sobrepeso. Además, se observa una prevalencia de perfiles somatotípicos endomórficos y mesomórficos. Es esencial implementar programas de entrenamiento y educación nutricional para mejorar su salud y rendimiento deportivo. Palabras clave: Composición corporal, perfil antropométrico, somatotipo, para tenis de mesa. Abstract. The objective of this research is to determine the anthropometric characteristics, body composition and somatotype of para table tennis athletes with physical disabilities in the Ñuble region (Chile). A case study research was conducted, with a quantitative, non-experimental and cross-sectional approach with a sample of 4 athletes belonging to the promesas Chile program with an average age of 17.5±4.8 years. Anthropometric data related to body composition were obtained by means of the ISAK protocol, somatotype and somatocarta by means of the Heath-Carter method and the Hip-Waist Index (HWI) was obtained. The main results of this research indicate that three athletes (75%) present excess malnutrition according to BMI, while one athlete is in the normal weight category. Regarding the ICC, two male para-athletes are classified in very low risk of suffering metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, one in low risk and the female athlete in high risk. Two para-athletes showed an endomesomorph somatotype, while the remaining two have a mesoendomorph somatotype. As for the percentage of fat, two of them do not exceed 20%, placing them in the optimal and slightly overweight category respectively, while the other two are around 30%, placing them in the obese category. The anthropometric evaluation reveals worrying levels of overweight. In addition, a prevalence of endomorphic and mesomorphic somatotype profiles is observed. It is essential to implement training and nutritional education programs to improve their health and sports performance. Keywords: Body composition, anthropometric profile, somatotype, para table tennis.